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import os
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import random
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import re
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import string
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import sys
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def sumNumber(n):
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sum = 0
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for i in range(1, n+1):
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sum += i
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return sum
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def listDuplicate(list):
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list_duplicate = []
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for i in list:
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if i not in list_duplicate:
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list_duplicate.append(i)
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return list_duplicate
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def listDuplicate2(list):
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list1 = []
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for i in set(list):
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list1.append(i)
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return list1
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def listDuplicate3(list):
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return [i for i in set(list)]
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def fileLine(file):
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with open(file, 'r') as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line)
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def fileLine2(file):
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with open(file, 'r') as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line.strip())
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def fileLine3(file):
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with open(file, 'r') as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line.strip().split())
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def fileLine4(file):
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with open(file, 'r') as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line.strip().split(','))
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def fileLine5(file):
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with open(file, 'r') as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line.strip().split(',')[0])
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def fileLine6(file):
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with open(file, 'r') as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line.strip().split(',')[1])
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def stringUnicode():
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s1 = "去除首尾空格"
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s2 = u"去除首尾空格" #无前缀 & u前缀 字符串默认创建即以Unicode编码存储，可以存储中文。
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#s3 = b"去除首尾空格" SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters
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s4 = b"hello" #b前缀 字符串存储为Ascll码，无法存储中文。
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s5 = r"hello" #r前缀就相当于三引号，主要解决的是 转义字符，特殊字符 的问题，其中所有字符均视为普通字符。
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print(s1)
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print(s2)
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print(s4)
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print(s5)
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def randomFunc():
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a = random.random() #随机生成0-1之间的小数
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b = random.randint(1, 10) #随机生成1-10之间的整数
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c = random.randrange(1, 10, 2) #随机生成1-10之间的整数，步长为2
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d = random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c']) #随机生成['a', 'b', 'c']中的一个
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e = random.sample(['a', 'b', 'c'], 2) #随机生成['a', 'b', 'c']中的2个
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f = random.choices(['a', 'b', 'c'], k=2) #随机生成['a', 'b', 'c']中的2个
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g = random.SystemRandom().random() #随机生成系统安全的随机数
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print(a)
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print(b)
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print(c)
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print(d)
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print(e)
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print(f)
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print(g)
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def stringReverse():
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s1 = "hello world"
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s2 = s1[::-1] #[::-1]表示从后向前
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print(s2)
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s3l = list(s1)
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lens1 = len(s1)
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for i in range(lens1):
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s3l[i] = s1[lens1-i-1]
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print("".join(s3l)) #join()方法用于将序列中的元素以指定的字符连接生成一个新的字符串。
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s4l = list(s1)
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print("".join(s4l[::-1]))
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s5l = list(s1)
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s5l.reverse()
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print("".join(s5l))
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def listTupleDict():
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list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
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set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
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dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
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print(list1)
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print(tuple1)
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print(dict1)
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print(set1)
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def isNone():
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a = None
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if a is None:
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print("a is None")
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else:
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print("a is not None")
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def listReverse():
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list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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list1.reverse()
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print(list1)
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s1 = "hello world"
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def negativeIndex():
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list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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print(list1[-1])
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print(list1[-2])
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print(list1[0])
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print(list1[-0])
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print(list1[::-1])
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print(list1[::-1])
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def chaosList():
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list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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random.shuffle(list1)
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print(list1)
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|
list1.sort()
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|
|
print(list1)
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|
|
list1.sort(reverse=True)
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|
|
print(list1)
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|
|
list1.reverse()
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|
|
print(list1)
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|
|
list1.reverse()
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|
|
print(list1)
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|
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def joinSplit():
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|
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s1 = "hello world"
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list1 = s1.split() #分割字符串，返回列表
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print(list1)
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s2 = " ".join(list1) #将列表中的元素连接成字符串
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print(s2)
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def stringStrip():
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s1 = " hello world "
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print(s1.strip()) #去除首尾空格
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print(s1.lstrip()) #去除首部空格
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|
print(s1.rstrip()) #去除尾部空格
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|
|
s1.replace(" ", "") #替换字符串中的字符
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print(s1)
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|
|
def passUsage():
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|
a = 1
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|
if a == 1:
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pass #在编写代码时只写框架思路，具体实现还未编写就可以用 pass 进行占位，使程序不报错，不会进行任何操作。
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|
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def isIn():
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list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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|
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print(1 in list1)
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print(6 in list1)
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|
print(6 not in list1)
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list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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|
|
print(list1 == list2)
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|
|
print(list1 is list2)
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|
|
def tupleList():
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|
|
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
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|
|
list1 = list(tuple1)
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|
|
print(list1)
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|
|
tuple2 = tuple(list1)
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|
|
print(tuple2)
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|
|
list1.append(6)
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|
|
del(list1[0])
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|
|
print(list1)
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|
|
del(list1[0:1])
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|
|
print(list1)
|
|
|
list1.remove(5)
|
|
|
print(list1)
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|
|
def getInfo():
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|
|
x,y = 1,"hello"
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|
|
return x,y
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|
|
def searchMatch():
|
|
|
s1 = "hello world"
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|
|
a = re.match(r"hello", s1)
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|
|
a.group()
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|
|
def fileCreate():
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|
|
f = open("test.txt", "w")
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|
|
f.write("hello world")
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|
|
f.close()
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|
|
def fileDelete():
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|
|
os.remove("test.txt")
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|
|
def zenOfPython():
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|
|
print("Beautiful is better than ugly.")
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|
|
print("Explicit is better than implicit.")
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|
|
print("Simple is better than complex.")
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|
|
print("Complex is better than complicated.")
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|
|
print("Flat is better than nested.")
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|
|
print("Sparse is better than dense.")
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|
|
print("Readability counts.")
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|
|
print("Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.")
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|
|
print("Although practicality beats purity.")
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|
|
print("Errors should never pass silently.")
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|
|
print("Unless explicitly silenced.")
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|
|
print("In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.")
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|
|
print("There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.")
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|
|
print("Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.")
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|
|
print("Now is better than never.")
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|
|
print("Although never is often better than *right* now.")
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|
|
print("If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.")
|
|
|
print("If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.")
|
|
|
print("Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!")
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|
|
def stringSplicing():
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|
|
s1 = "hello world"
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|
|
s2 = " hahha"
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|
|
print(s1 + s2)
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|
|
s3 =s1,s2
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|
|
print(s3)
|
|
|
print(s1.join(s2))
|
|
|
def pickleUsage():
|
|
|
import pickle
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|
|
d1 = dict(name="Bob", age=20, score=88)
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|
|
print(d1)
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|
|
print(type(d1))
|
|
|
b1 = pickle.dumps(d1) #将 Python 中的对象序列化成二进制对象，并返回；
|
|
|
print(b1)
|
|
|
print(type(b1))
|
|
|
d2 = pickle.loads(b1) #读取给定的二进制对象数据，并将其转换为 Python 对象；
|
|
|
print(d2)
|
|
|
print(type(d2))
|
|
|
pickle.dump(d1, open("test.txt", "wb")) #将 Python 中的对象序列化成二进制对象，并写入文件；
|
|
|
d3 = pickle.load(open("test.txt", "rb")) #读取指定的序列化数据文件，并返回对象。
|
|
|
print(d3)
|
|
|
print(type(d3))
|
|
|
def dirTypeInstance():
|
|
|
# dir()
|
|
|
# 函数是
|
|
|
# Python
|
|
|
# 自省机制中最著名的部分了。它返回传递给它的任何对象的属性名称经过排序的列表。如果不指定对象，则
|
|
|
# dir()
|
|
|
# 返回当前作用域中的名称。
|
|
|
# type()
|
|
|
# 函数有助于我们确定对象是字符串还是整数，或是其它类型的对象。
|
|
|
# 对象拥有属性，并且
|
|
|
# dir()
|
|
|
# 函数会返回这些属性的列表。但是，有时我们只想测试一个或多个属性是否存在。如果对象具有我们正在考虑的属性，那么通常希望只检索该属性。这个任务可以由
|
|
|
# hasattr()
|
|
|
# 和
|
|
|
# getattr()
|
|
|
# 函数来完成。
|
|
|
# isinstance()
|
|
|
# 函数测试对象，以确定它是否是某个特定类型或定制类的实例。
|
|
|
s1 = "hello world"
|
|
|
print(dir())
|
|
|
print(dir(s1))
|
|
|
dir() #dir() 函数是 Python 自省机制中最著名的部分了。它返回传递给它的任何对象的属性名称经过排序的列表。如果不指定对象，则 dir() 返回当前作用域中的名称。
|
|
|
print(type(s1))
|
|
|
type(s1) #type() 函数返回对象的类型。
|
|
|
isinstance(s1, str) #isinstance() 函数用于判断一个对象是否是一个已知的类型。
|
|
|
print(isinstance(s1, str))
|
|
|
def dictUsage():
|
|
|
dict1 = {"name":"Bob", "age":20, "score":88}
|
|
|
print(dict1)
|
|
|
print(type(dict1))
|
|
|
print(dict1["name"])
|
|
|
print(dict1.get("name"))
|
|
|
print(dict1.get("name", "default"))
|
|
|
print(dict1.get("name1", "default"))
|
|
|
dict1.setdefault("name1", "default")
|
|
|
print(dict1)
|
|
|
dict1["name"] = "Jack"
|
|
|
print(dict1)
|
|
|
del(dict1["name"])
|
|
|
print(dict1)
|
|
|
#dict（中文叫字典）是另一种可变容器模型，且可存储任意类型对象。
|
|
|
# 字典的每个键值(key=>value)对用冒号(:)分割，每个对之间用逗号(,)分割，整个字典包括在花括号{}中
|
|
|
# 字典的特性
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# 查找速度快
|
|
|
# 无论dict有10个元素还是10万个元素，查找速度都一样。而list的查找速度随着元素增加而逐渐下降。
|
|
|
# 不过dict的查找速度快不是没有代价的，dict的缺点是占用内存大，还会浪费很多内容，list正好相反，占用内存小，但是查找速度慢。
|
|
|
# 字典值可以没有限制地取任何python对象，既可以是标准的对象，也可以是用户定义的，但键不行。
|
|
|
# 不允许同一个键出现两次。
|
|
|
# 键必须不可变，所以可以用数字，字符串或元组充当，所以用列表就不行。
|
|
|
# dict的第二个特点就是存储的key-value序对是没有顺序的！这和list不一样。
|
|
|
def multiThreads():
|
|
|
import threading
|
|
|
import time
|
|
|
def run(n):
|
|
|
print("task", n)
|
|
|
time.sleep(2)
|
|
|
print("task done", n)
|
|
|
def run1(n):
|
|
|
print("task1", n)
|
|
|
time.sleep(2)
|
|
|
print("task1 done", n)
|
|
|
|
|
|
for i in range(500000):
|
|
|
for p in range(16):
|
|
|
tt = threading.Thread(target=run, args=(i,))
|
|
|
tt1 = threading.Thread(target=run1, args=(i,))
|
|
|
tt.start()
|
|
|
tt1.start()
|
|
|
print("main thread")
|
|
|
time.sleep(10)
|
|
|
print("main thread done")
|
|
|
|
|
|
def triElement():
|
|
|
x = 1
|
|
|
y =2
|
|
|
#z = x>y?x:y
|
|
|
z = x if x>y else y
|
|
|
print(z)
|
|
|
def printBase():
|
|
|
print("hello world")
|
|
|
print("hello world")
|
|
|
sys.stdout.write("hello world\n")
|
|
|
sys.stdout.flush()
|
|
|
def rangeXrange():
|
|
|
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
|
|
|
for i in range(len(list1)):
|
|
|
print(list1[i])
|
|
|
for i in list1:
|
|
|
print(i)
|
|
|
def rangex():
|
|
|
list(xrange(0,6,2))
|
|
|
def writeBigFile():
|
|
|
with open("big.txt", "w") as f:
|
|
|
for i in range(1000000000):
|
|
|
f.write("hello world\n")
|
|
|
def getFileInfo():
|
|
|
import os
|
|
|
print(os.name)
|
|
|
print(os.uname())
|
|
|
print(os.environ)
|
|
|
print(os.environ.get("path"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.abspath("."))
|
|
|
print(os.path.join("/tmp", "test"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.split("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.splitext("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.exists("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.isfile("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.isdir("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getsize("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getatime("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getmtime("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getctime("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getcwd())
|
|
|
print(os.listdir("/tmp"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.exists("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.isfile("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.isdir("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getsize("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getatime("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getmtime("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getctime("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getcwd())
|
|
|
print(os.listdir("/tmp"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.exists("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.isfile("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.isdir("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
print(os.path.getsize("/tmp/test.txt"))
|
|
|
def getFileSize():
|
|
|
import os
|
|
|
print(os.path.getsize("big.txt"))
|
|
|
def readBigFile():
|
|
|
with open("big.txt", "r") as f:
|
|
|
for line in f:
|
|
|
print(line)
|
|
|
def readBigFileByLine():
|
|
|
with open("big.txt", "r") as f:
|
|
|
while True:
|
|
|
line = f.readline(100)
|
|
|
if not line:
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
print(line)
|
|
|
def tryExceptFinally():
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
print("try")
|
|
|
raise Exception("error")
|
|
|
return 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
|
print("except")
|
|
|
raise e
|
|
|
return 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
finally:
|
|
|
print("finally")
|
|
|
return 3
|
|
|
def sayHello():
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"""
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这是docstring
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"""
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#print(sayHello.__doc__)
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print("hello world")
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def stringType():
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s1 = "hello world"
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s2 = "444444444444444444444"
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print(s1.isalnum())
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print(s1.isalpha())
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print(s2.isdigit())
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str.isalnum()
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# 所有字符都是数字或者字母
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# str.isalpha()
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# 所有字符都是字母
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# str.isdigit()
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# 所有字符都是数字
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# str.isspace()
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# 所有字符都是空白字符、t、n、r
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def concatenation():
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list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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list2 = [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,"dsdsdsdsd",20]
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list3 = list1 + list2
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print(list3)
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def getBoth():
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list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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list2 = [11,2,13,14,15,16,17,18,"dsdsdsdsd",20]
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for i in list1:
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if i in list2:
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print(i)
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def sliceUsage():
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list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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print(list1[0:5])
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#Go 中的 slice 就像是 Python 中的 list，但是 Python 中的 list 支持非常多的操作，有很丰富的内置函数去操作，但是 Go 中的 slice 只有简单 append 函数和切片功能，好吧，我们自己实现这些功能。
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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sliceUsage()
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#fileLine4('t0726.py')
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#list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9]
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#print(listDuplicate(list1))
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#print(listDuplicate3(list1))
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#print(sumNumber(100))
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